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    Alabama People First of Alabama v. Merrill Verified listing

    • Date
      September 30, 2020
    • City/County
      Birmingham, AL
    • Type of Case
      Voter Fruad / Cause: 42:1983 Civil Rights Act / Nature of Suit: 441 Civil Rights: Voting
    • Case Details
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    Title

    Alabama People First of Alabama v. Merrill

    Case Number

    2:20-cv-00619-AKK

    State or Country
    Alabama
    Judges

    ABDUL K. KALLON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

    The application for stay presented to Justice Thomas and by him referred to the Court is granted, and the district court’s September 30, 2020 order granting a permanent injunction is stayed pending disposition of the appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and disposition of the petition for a writ of certiorari, if such writ is timely sought. Should the petition for a writ of certiorari be denied, this stay shall terminate automatically. In the event the petition for a writ of certiorari is granted, the stay shall terminate upon the sending down of the judgment of this Court.

    Justice Sotomayor, with whom Justice Breyer and Justice Kagan join, dissenting from grant of stay.

    Defendant

    JOHN MERRILL, et al., Defendants.

    Plaintiff Attorney

    Plaintiff
    People First of Alabama represented by Caren Elaine Short
    SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER
    PO Box 1287
    Decatur, GA 30031
    404−221−5868
    Fax: 404−221−5857
    Email: caren.short@splcenter.org
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    Alabama Disabilities Advocacy Program
    Box 870395
    Tuscaloosa, AL 35487−0395
    205−348−4928
    Fax: 205−348−3909
    Email: jrryan2@adap.ua.edu
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    Southern Poverty Law Center
    400 Washington Avenue
    Montgomery, AL 36104
    334−956−8200
    Fax: 334−956−8481
    Email: sara.zampierin@splcenter.org
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    ALABAMA DISABILITIES
    ADVOCACY PROGRAM
    500 Martha Parham West
    Box 870395
    Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
    (205) 348−4928
    Fax: (205) 348−3909
    Email: wvanderpoljr@adap.ua.edu
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE AND
    EDUCATIONAL FUND INC
    40 Rector Street 5th Floor
    New York, NY 10006
    212−965−7712
    Fax: 212−226−7592
    Email: dross@naacpldf.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Liliana Zaragoza
    NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE AND
    EDUCATIONAL FUND INC
    40 Rector Street 5th Floor
    New York, NY 10006
    212−965−2200
    Fax: 212−226−7592
    Email: lzaragoza@naacpldf.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE AND
    EDUCATIONAL FUND INC
    700 14th Street NW
    Suite 600
    Washington, DC 20005
    202−682−1300
    Fax: 202−682−1312
    Email: mreed@naacpldf.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER
    PO Box 1287
    Decatur, AL 30031
    404−521−6700
    Fax: 404−221−5857
    Email: nancy.abudu@splcenter.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE AND
    EDUCATIONAL FUND INC
    40 Rector St, 5th Floor
    New York, NY 10006
    212−965−2200
    Fax: 212−922−7592
    Email: nmerle@naacpldf.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE
    ANDEDUCATIONAL FUND, INC.
    40 Rector Street
    5th Floor
    New York, NY 10006
    212−965−2200
    Fax: 212−226−7592
    Email: slance@naacpldf.org
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Robert Clopton represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Eric Peebles represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Howard Porter, Jr. represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Liliana Zaragoza
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Annie Carolyn Thompson represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Liliana Zaragoza
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Greater Birmingham Ministries represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Liliana Zaragoza
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Plaintiff
    Alabama State Conference of the
    NAACP
    represented by Caren Elaine Short
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jenny R Ryan
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Sara M Zampierin
    (See above for address)
    TERMINATED: 07/01/2020
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    William Van Der Pol , Jr
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Deuel Ross
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Liliana Zaragoza
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Mahogane D Reed
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Nancy G Abudu
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Natasha Merle
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Steven Lance
    (See above for address)
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

    Intervener

    Attorney Organization:

    NAACP Legal Defense Fund
    NDRN/Protection & Advocacy Organizations
    Southern Poverty Law Center

    Social Networks
    • Other
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • Website
    • Website
    Document Links 1 (Scribd et. al)

    https://casetext.com/case/people-first-v-merrill-2%20

    Document Link 2

    https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/20A67

    Document Link 3

    https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/alabama/alndce/2:2020cv00619/173742/161/

    Document Link 4

    https://clearinghouse.net/chDocs/public/VR-AL-0268-9000.pdf

    Date
    September 30, 2020
    Type of Case
    Voter Fruad / Cause: 42:1983 Civil Rights Act / Nature of Suit: 441 Civil Rights: Voting
    The Court the Case was filed in

    United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama Southern Division - SCOTUS Supreme Court of the United States of America

    County/City:
    Birmingham, AL
    Plaintiff

    PEOPLE FIRST OF ALABAMA, et al., Plaintiffs

    Defendant Attorney

    Defendant
    John Merrill
    In his official capacity as the Secretary of
    the State of Alabama
    represented by James W Davis
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
    GENERAL
    501 Washington Avenue
    P O Box 300152
    Montgomery, AL 36130−0152
    334−242−7300
    Fax: 334−353−8400
    Email: jim.davis@alabamaag.gov
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Misty Shawn Fairbanks Messick
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
    GENERAL
    FOR THE STATE OF ALABAMA
    501 Washington Avenue
    P O Box 300152
    Montgomery, AL 36130−0152
    334−242−7300
    Fax: 334−353−8440
    Email: Misty.Messick@AlabamaAG.gov
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Brenton Merrill Smith
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
    GENERAL OF ALABAMA
    P.O. Box 300152
    501 Washington Avenue
    Montgomery, AL 36130
    334−353−4336
    Fax: 334−353−8400
    Email: Brenton.Smith@AlabamaAG.gov
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jeremy Stone Weber
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
    GENERAL
    STATE OF ALABAMA
    501 Washington Avenue
    Montgomery, AL 36130
    334−353−1018
    Fax: 334−353−8400
    Email: jeremy.weber@alabamaag.gov
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Winfield J Sinclair
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
    GENERAL
    501 Washington Avenue
    PO Box 300152
    Montgomery, AL 36130−0152
    334−353−9110
    Fax: 334−353−8440
    Email: winfield.sinclair@alabamaag.gov
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    Kay Ivey
    In her official capacity as the Governor
    of the State of Alabama
    represented by James W Davis
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Misty Shawn Fairbanks Messick
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Brenton Merrill Smith
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jeremy Stone Weber
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Winfield J Sinclair
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    State of Alabama (The) represented by James W Davis
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Misty Shawn Fairbanks Messick
    (See above for address)
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Brenton Merrill Smith
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Jeremy Stone Weber
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    Alleen Barnett
    In her official capacity as Absentee
    Election Manager of Mobile County,
    Alabama
    represented by Jay M Ross
    ADAMS AND REESE LLP
    PO Box 1348
    11 North Waters Street, Suite 23200
    Mobile, AL 36633
    251−433−3234
    Fax: 251−438−7733
    Email: jay.ross@arlaw.com
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Todd David Engelhardt
    ADAMS AND REESE, LLP
    1901 6th Avenue North, Ste. 3000
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−250−5020
    Fax: 205−250−5034
    Email: todd.engelhardt@arlaw.com
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Aubrey Patrick Dungan
    ADAMS AND REESE, LLP
    11 N. Water Street, Ste. 23200
    Mobile, AL 36633
    251−433−3234
    Fax: 251−438−7733
    Email: patrick.dungan@arlaw.com
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Robert F. Dyar
    ADAMS AND REESE, LLP
    1901 6th Avenue North, Ste. 3000
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−250−5016
    Fax: 205−488−8016
    Email: robert.dyar@arlaw.com
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    Jacqueline Anderson−Smith
    In her official capacity as Circuit Clerk of
    Jefferson County, Alabama
    represented by Donald McKinley Carroll
    Jefferson County Attorney's Office
    716 Richard Arrington, Jr. Blvd. North
    Suite 280
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−325−5688
    Fax: 205−325−5840
    Email: carrolld@jccal.org
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Theodore A Lawson , II
    JEFFERSON COUNTY ATTORNEY'S
    OFFICE
    716 Richard Arrington Jr. Blvd. North
    Room 280
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−325−5688
    Fax: 205−325−5840
    Email: lawsont@jccal.org
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    Karen Dunn Burks
    In her official capacity as Deputy Circuit
    Clerk of the Bessemer Division of
    Jefferson County, Alabama
    represented by Donald McKinley Carroll
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Theodore A Lawson , II
    (See above for address)
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    Mary B. Roberson
    In her official capacity as Circuit Clerk of
    Lee County, Alabama
    represented by Brandon Keith Essig
    LIGHTFOOT FRANKLIN & WHITE
    400 20th Street North
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−581−0748
    Fax: 205−581−0799
    Email: bessig@lightfootlaw.com
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Robert Jackson Sewell
    LIGHTFOOT FRANKLIN & WHITE
    LLC
    400 20th Street North
    Birmingham, AL 35203
    205−581−0700
    Fax: 205−581−0799
    Email: jsewell@lightfootlaw.com
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Defendant
    United States of America
    Amicus
    Honest Elections Project represented by Steven M Brom
    BACHUS & BROM LLC
    4908 Cahaba River Road Suite 100
    Birmingham, AL 35243
    205−970−6747
    Fax: 205−970−7776
    Email: sbrom@bachusbrom.com
    LEAD ATTORNEY
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Cameron Thomas Norris
    CONSOVOY MCCARTHY PLLC
    1600 Wilson Boulevard
    Suite 700
    Arlington, VA 22209
    703−243−9423
    Email: cam@consovoymccarthy.com
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
    Tyler R Green
    CONSOVOY McCARTHY PLLC
    1600 Wilson Blvd.
    Suite 700
    Arlington, VA 22209
    703−243−9423
    Email: tyler@consovoymccarthy.com
    PRO HAC VICE
    ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

    Comments

    issues: Whether the coronavirus pandemic requires alleviating the enforcement of three Alabama election provisions: that absentee ballots must be signed in the presence of a notary or two adult witnesses, that applications for absentee ballots must include copies of valid photo ID, and that counties may not offer curbside voting.

    Status: Witness and photo ID requirements upheld by 11th Circuit; Curbside voting ban reinstated by U.S. Supreme Court

    Application for stay granted on Oct. 21, 2020. Justices Sotomayor, joined by Justices Breyer and Kagan, dissenting from the grant of stay.

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Phil. from Oxford in 1983, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1986. She clerked for Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1986-1987 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1987 Term. After briefly practicing law at a Washington, D.C. law firm, she became a law professor, first at the University of Chicago Law School and later at Harvard Law School. She also served for four years in the Clinton Administration, as Associate Counsel to the President and then as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. Between 2003 and 2009, she served as the Dean of Harvard Law School. In 2009, President Obama nominated her as the Solicitor General of the United States. A year later, the President nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 10, 2010. She took her seat on August 7, 2010. Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice, was born in Denver, Colorado, August 29, 1967. He and his wife Louise have two daughters. He received a B.A. from Columbia University, a J.D. from Harvard Law School, and a D.Phil. from Oxford University. He served as a law clerk to Judge David B. Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and as a law clerk to Justice Byron White and Justice Anthony M. Kennedy of the Supreme Court of the United States. From 1995–2005, he was in private practice, and from 2005–2006 he was Principal Deputy Associate Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in 2006. He served on the Standing Committee on Rules for Practice and Procedure of the U.S. Judicial Conference, and as chairman of the Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure. He taught at the University of Colorado Law School. President Donald J. Trump nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat on April 10, 2017. Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice, was born in Washington, D.C., on February 12, 1965. He married Ashley Estes in 2004, and they have two daughters - Margaret and Liza. He received a B.A. from Yale College in 1987 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1990. He served as a law clerk for Judge Walter Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 1990-1991, for Judge Alex Kozinski of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1991-1992, and for Justice Anthony M. Kennedy of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1993 Term. In 1992-1993, he was an attorney in the Office of the Solicitor General of the United States. From 1994 to 1997 and for a period in 1998, he was Associate Counsel in the Office of Independent Counsel. He was a partner at a Washington, D.C., law firm from 1997 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2001. From 2001 to 2003, he was Associate Counsel and then Senior Associate Counsel to President George W. Bush. From 2003 to 2006, he was Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary for President Bush. He was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2006. President Donald J. Trump nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat on October 6, 2018. Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 28, 1972. She married Jesse M. Barrett in 1999, and they have seven children - Emma, Vivian, Tess, John Peter, Liam, Juliet, and Benjamin. She received a B.A. from Rhodes College in 1994 and a J.D. from Notre Dame Law School in 1997. She served as a law clerk for Judge Laurence H. Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1997 to 1998, and for Justice Antonin Scalia of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1998 Term. After two years in private law practice in Washington, D.C., she became a law professor, joining the faculty of Notre Dame Law School in 2002. She was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 2017. President Donald J. Trump nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat on October 27, 2020. Ketanji Brown Jackson, Associate Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, Associate Justice, was born in Washington, D.C., on September 14, 1970. She married Patrick Jackson in 1996, and they have two daughters. She received an A.B., magna cum laude, from Harvard-Radcliffe College in 1992, and a J.D., cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1996. She served as a law clerk for Judge Patti B. Saris of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts from 1996 to 1997, Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit from 1997 to 1998, and Justice Stephen G. Breyer of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1999 Term. After three years in private practice, she worked as an attorney at the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 2003 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, she served as an assistant federal public defender in Washington, D.C., and from 2007 to 2010, she was in private practice. She served as a Vice Chair and Commissioner on the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 2010 to 2014. In 2012, President Barack Obama nominated her to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, where she served from 2013 to 2021. She was appointed to the Defender Services Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States in 2017, and the Supreme Court Fellows Commission in 2019. President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., appointed her to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2021 and then nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 2022. She took her seat on June 30, 2022. Anthony M. Kennedy, Associate Justice Anthony M. Kennedy (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Sacramento, California, July 23, 1936. He married Mary Davis and has three children. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and the London School of Economics, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He was in private practice in San Francisco, California from 1961–1963, as well as in Sacramento, California from 1963–1975. From 1965 to 1988, he was a Professor of Constitutional Law at the McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. He has served in numerous positions during his career, including a member of the California Army National Guard in 1961, the board of the Federal Judicial Center from 1987–1988, and two committees of the Judicial Conference of the United States: the Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities, subsequently renamed the Advisory Committee on Codes of Conduct, from 1979–1987, and the Committee on Pacific Territories from 1979–1990, which he chaired from 1982–1990. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1975. President Reagan nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat February 18, 1988. Justice Kennedy retired from the Supreme Court on July 31, 2018. David Hackett Souter, Associate Justice David H. Souter (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, September 17, 1939. He graduated from Harvard College, from which he received his A.B. After two years as a Rhodes Scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, he received an A.B. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University and an M.A. in 1963. After receiving an LL.B. from Harvard Law School, he was an associate at Orr and Reno in Concord, New Hampshire from 1966 to 1968, when he became an Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1971, he became Deputy Attorney General and in 1976, Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1978, he was named an Associate Justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and was appointed to the Supreme Court of New Hampshire as an Associate Justice in 1983. He became a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit on May 25, 1990. President Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat October 9, 1990. Justice Souter retired from the Supreme Court on June 29, 2009. Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in San Francisco, California, August 15, 1938. He married Joanna Hare in 1967, and has three children - Chloe, Nell, and Michael. He received an A.B. from Stanford University, a B.A. from Magdalen College, Oxford, and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He served as a law clerk to Justice Arthur Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1964 Term, as a Special Assistant to the Assistant U.S. Attorney General for Antitrust, 1965–1967, as an Assistant Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, 1973, as Special Counsel of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 1974–1975, and as Chief Counsel of the committee, 1979–1980. He was an Assistant Professor, Professor of Law, and Lecturer at Harvard Law School, 1967–1994, a Professor at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, 1977–1980, and a Visiting Professor at the College of Law, Sydney, Australia and at the University of Rome. From 1980–1990, he served as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and as its Chief Judge, 1990–1994. He also served as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States, 1990–1994, and of the United States Sentencing Commission, 1985–1989. President Clinton nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat August 3, 1994. Justice Breyer retired from the Supreme Court on June 30, 2022
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